ALTITUDE SICKNESS

As adventure travelers, we naturally have the urge to defy the challenges that we see or want to take head-on so that we can accomplish our sense of adventure. There are also times when your body defies all the expectations, all science and we do have the capacity to prove all the numbers wrong but it is wise to understand the warnings and worst-case scenarios of our daring adventures. Also, another piece of advice is just because you didn't have it on the first run doesn't mean you will not have it on your next high altitude adventure. 'Prevention is better than cure', applies in the mountains.

While trekking or mountaineering adventure you have to be aware of acute mountain sickness going into the high altitude zones. We cannot point out precisely exactly what type of person certainly suffers from this, but the signs and symptoms are there when ascending the great Himalayas peaks, Andes, or any high altitude mountains. In this post, we will cover the science behind it and some of the suggestions that have been developed so far to overcome altitude sickness. In fairness, even mountain climbers who have climbed Everest 10 + times suffer from the symptoms, they are just better at dealing with it. There is no escaping and it is normal to feel its effect but it is very important to follow the precautions and guidelines to be safe, enjoy and complete your adventure.

I met Danuru Sherpa(Senior Mountain Sherpa Leader), who has summited Everest 13+ times. Even he mentioned that headaches are normal in high altitudes. At Lobuche 4940M.

So what is Altitude sickness and its three types?

It is a group of symptoms only experienced when elevating high altitudes too quickly. We say on average people start to feel the effects from 2500M above sea level.

Lukla Airport 2860M. Don’t be surprised or discouraged if you start to feel the altitude (lightness feeling) once you land in Lukla. This will be your very first day when starting your treks or mountain climbing trip in Everest region.

Three types of altitude sickness:

1. Acute mountain sickness (2500 M +) is the mildest form and it’s very common. The symptoms can feel like a hangover-dizziness, headache, muscle aches, nausea.

2. High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE, 3200 M+) is a buildup of fluid in the lungs that can be very dangerous and even life-threatening.

3. High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE 4300 M+) is the most severe form of altitude sickness and happens when there’s fluid in the brain. It’s life-threatening and you need to seek medical attention right away.

Symptoms of Altitude sickness?

Normal signs

Headache
Dizziness
Nausea or Vomiting
tiredness
Shortness of breath
Loss of appetite

Some of the extreme signs that need immediate attention

Face, eyes, and lips color turns dark red to blue
Extreme Stomach ache and constant Vomiting
Loss in consciousness and fainting

Do not panic, when you have any of these signs. Follow the instruction from the guides and remember your body has the capacity to overcome and adapt to the new environment. Also, do not rush on your itineraries, as longer days itinerary are designed to help your body adapt to the high altitudes and we advise our travelers not to skip their acclimatization day. It is usually placed during the rest days to climb up to 300M - 500M high so that your body adapts to the environment. So that your body adapts and develops extra red blood cells in your bloodstream which in turn helps your body and brain to better utilize the oxygen in your body.

Note - It is very important that you have the right insurance (with Repatriation) and Helicopter rescue. Helicopter rescue is very effective in Nepal. You will need to provide all your insurance details (emergency hotline) to your operators so that when needed rescue is sent immediately. Please check our trusted insurance provides page (click here). Although there has been news of scams, reputable companies/operators won’t risk this, cheap tour prices are one of the main indicators.

Himalayas, Nepal. (Ama Dablam in centre)

Prevention and treatments.

Mountains as beautiful and magnificent they are, comes with hostility and challenges which we are not used to in our daily lives. We have laid down some preventions to overcome them.

Avoid flying directly to areas above 3000M high
Avoid alcohol and heavy smoking
Drink enough water. (3l - 4l) per day.
Do not overstress your body and avoid heavy exercise.
Walk at a mild comfortable pace. ( It is not a race, you want to overcome the challenge but understanding your body and mind is important, do not let your ego take over)
Acclimatization day is important, Stop and rest when you can.
Energy or Chocolate bars are helpful
Every night before sleep, drink hot tea or water. Jasmine tea is our favorite.
If you fall sick allow your body to fall sick and get some rest, there’s natural ease when you allow your body to accept what you are feeling instead of fighting it.

Treatments

Drop altitude immediately, we recommend anywhere from 500M - 1000M.
Take bottled oxygen (Normally for mountaineering or in an extreme case)
Take medication (all our guides will be carrying first aid kits )
Control your breathing and be mindfully aware of your heartbeat.

Finally, it would also be wise to follow local ways to dealing with altitude sickness. We can share few local tips

Garlic soups are the best while trekking the Himalayas. Garlic’s natural properties assist in thinning your blood which helps for better circulation.
If you can take a spicy taste, potato wedges with spicy Nepalese chutney (local ingredient) help with headache
Try to avoid sleeping during day, try and resist the pain and sip warm Jasmine tea or water.
Dal Bhat power 24 hours, it rhymes but definitely has its benefits. The carbs give you the strength and energy needed to ascend the hills of Nepal.

And lastly, check the level of oxygen in your body when you stop for the night. All our local guides will be carrying one set of fingertip oxygen level checkers to make sure your body has the right amount of oxygen needed. Based on that and their experience, they will advise you on how to recover and give their extra needed attention for your care.

Oxygen level chart ( click here )

Note - It is very important that you have the right insurance (with Repatriation) and Helicopter rescue. Helicopter rescue is very effective in Nepal. You will need to provide all your insurance details (emergency hotline) to your operators so that when needed rescue is sent immediately. Please check our trusted insurance provides page (click here). Although there has been news of scams, reputable companies/operators won’t risk this, cheap tour prices are one of the main indicators.

Get set on your adventure into these challenging areas, be safe. Defy the odds but equally, be aware of what could go wrong equally. Happy and healthy adventures.

Live your story.